John Hadley (
April 16,
1682 Bloomsbury,
London –
February 14,
1744,
East Barnet,
Hertfordshire)
English inventor of the
octant, the precursor to the
sextant, around 1730. The octant allows its user to determine the elevation of
celestial objects with respect to the
horizon. If the position of the object on the sky and the time of the observation are known, it's easy for the user to calculate his
latitude. The octant proved extremely valuable for navigation and displaced the use of other instruments such as the
Davis quadrant.
An
American,
Thomas Godfrey, independently invented the octant at approximately the same time.
Hadley also improved the
reflector telescope, building the first
Gregorian telescope in 1721.
Mons Hadley and
Rima Hadley on the
Moon are named after him.
He is the older brother of
George Hadley (meteorologogist).
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